Profile

Registered: 2 years, 1 month ago

In Africa, the colonial revolution was even more dramatic than in Asia. In Asia, the triumph of nationalism is entirely expected, thanks to ancient indigenous cultures and local political organizations that have been agitating for decades. In Africa, nationalist movements are much more naive and weak, and the Japanese occupation of other regions has not shaken and awakened the continent. But just as Asia was liberated in the first decade after the war, Africa was liberated in the second decade after the war. In that decade, no fewer than 31 African countries have gained their independence; the few remaining colonies stand out painfully as anachronistic remnants of the past. The process of nationalist awakening in different regions of Africa is different because of different historical backgrounds and different developments at that time. Colonial revolutions should therefore be seen not as revolutions on the African continent, but as revolutions in tropical Africa, South Africa and North Africa, respectively. It was not until after the end of the First World War that major nationalist movements emerged in tropical Africa. The form they took depended on the policies and administrative systems established by the colonial power. In British West Africa, power was in the hands of the governor, who was appointed by London and advised by the Executive Council and the unicameral parliament. The Executive Council was composed entirely of British officials, but the unicameral parliament also included several Africans. In these colonies, the African leaders tried to transform the unicameral parliament into an African parliament,Inflatable meltdown, and the executive Council into an African cabinet responsible to such a parliament. In the French colonies, by contrast, power was more in the hands of Paris, where French Africans sought to join the metropolitan party in order to be able to influence decisions in the capital. These tactics had little impact before the Second World War. Only a few Western-educated leaders are sober and active; most of the people are apathetic. A few nationalist organizations are debating societies rather than political parties, and they devote more energy to vilifying European administrators than to engaging with their own people. The Second World War significantly changed this traditional African paradigm. First, during the years of war,large inflatable water slide, Africa's economy began to expand on a large scale because of the urgent need for African raw materials and food. Between 1939 and 1953, Congo's exports increased fourteenfold and government tax revenues increased fourfold. During the same period, exports from Northern Rhodesia increased ninefold and government tax revenues increased twentyfold. In British West Africa, the government set up buying offices for basic products such as cocoa and palm oil. These buying offices broke the stranglehold of European trading companies on the farmers' economy; leading to the establishment of locally controlled marketing boards after the war. These marketing boards ensure the purchase of farmers' products at a stable price, while also accumulating a large reserve of materials to finance local economic and social undertakings. As a result of this general economic boom, there has been rapid development in the construction of schools, paved roads, improved housing, sanitation and medical facilities in Africa. At the same time, Africans, having seen many of the peoples of Asia win their independence, Inflatable bouncer ,Inflatable outdoor park, naturally ask why they should not throw off the yoke of colonialism. The issue has become acute with the return of ex-servicemen, most of whom have served in the French Army in Europe and the British Army in Burma and the Middle East. All these factors combined to shake and awaken tropical Africa from its traditional torpor. New roads, new schools, and new economic opportunities mean new horizons, greater agency, and higher aspirations. A new climate, incompatible with continued European domination, was developing in a variety of ways. Nationalist movements first broke out on the Gold Coast in 1948, where small farmers had more income than ever before, but consumer goods were in short supply and very expensive, and they suspected that European merchants were profiteering, so they organized a widespread wholesale system of European merchants. This was followed by riots in the cities and widespread unrest in the countryside. Then came a new leader who was able to tap into this discontent with great success: Kwame Nkrumah, who had studied in American and British universities, where he had turned to the socialist ideas of Marx, which were popular among colonial students, and had met other African leaders, such as Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya. He demanded immediate independence and, in 1949, established the genuinely popular Congress of the People, which quickly eclipsed the old West African nationalists. The party won an overwhelming majority of the vote in the national elections held in 1951 under the new constitution. On the day of the election, Nkrumah was in prison because he had been charged with sedition, but the British governor, aware of the situation, released Nkrumah and gave him and his colleagues key positions in the administration. Over the next few years, the Cabinet became an all-African Cabinet with all powers except those of defence and foreign affairs. As a result of this apprenticeship in autonomy, it has proved possible to make the transition to full independence without resorting to violence or chaos. By 1957, thanks to Nkrumah's initiative and British statesmanship, the Gold Coast became an independent Ghanaian state in the Commonwealth. Once colonial control was broken in Ghana, it was impossible to keep it from being broken elsewhere. The most decisive development was in Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, with 35 million people. The three regions of the country — the north, the west and the south — were completely different from each other in terms of ethnic composition, cultural traditions and economic development; these differences led to serious conflicts between regions, which led to Nigeria's late independence in 1960. Other British West African colonies, such as Sierra Leone and the Gambia,Inflatable water park factory, gained independence in 1961 and 1963, respectively, late in life largely because of their poverty and small size. joyshineinflatables.com

Forums

Topics Started: 0

Replies Created: 0

Forum Role: Participant